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Posts Tagged ‘Tips’

Initial Management and Evaluation of Severely Injured Patients

Posted by diskusiperawat on December 3, 2008

“Prioritas utama dalam penanganan korban kritis di lapangan termasuk mempertahankan jalan nafas/airway, adequate ventilation, dan monitor perdarahan luar/ external bleeding”

Sebelum korban di bawa ke rumah sakit, trauma team di emergency departement terdekat/ tempat patient di tranfer harus di beritahu terlebih dahulu terutama mengenai seberapa kritis kondisi korban. Sehingga ED dapat mempersiapkan segala sesuatunya sebagai contoh peralatan ventilator pada intubated patient atau blood pada korban perdarahan. Atau bahkan bantuan petugas kesehatan jika korban dalam jumlah banyak.

Pasien yang gelisah, tidak kooperative dan not responding terhadap pemberian oxygen dapat di assumsikan bahwa pasien mengalami hypoxic sampai ada bukti hasil lab. Sehingga pasien membutuhkan endotracheal intubation untuk memberikan ventilasi yang adequate and menangani hypoxia.

Hal-hal yang di perlu di perhatikan pada penanganan pasien kritis :

  • Pneumatic Antishock Garment (PASGs) ; Meskipun PASGs dapat membantu dalam immobilisasi fracture pada pelvic dan extremitas bawah dan juga dapat mengurangi kehilangan darah pada bleeding, peralatan ini tidak terlalu memberikan pengaruh pada pasien hypotensive. Perlu di ingat bahwa pemakaian peralatan ini juga dapat mungkin menyebabkan compartement syndromes terutama jika menggunakan tekanan yang tinggi dalam jangka waktu yg lama.
  • Prehospital Intravenous Lines ; Pemberian dini intravenous fluids at the scene is counterproductive jika transit time to the hospital kurang dari 15 menit. Sesungguhnya, kelebihan cairan dapat menyebabkan kemungkinan perdarahan kembali pada luka yang sudah berhenti sementara.
  • Establishing Intravenous Lines ; Jika pasien mengalami syock hypovolemik hebat yang menyebabkan vena collapse, atau ada riwayat penggunaan intravenous narcotic sebelumnya, mungkin akan sangat sulit mendapatkan vein access di peripheral. Sehingga pasien spt itu memerlukan subclavian veins untuk mendapatkan IV access yg tercepat. Percutaneous catheterization of internal jugular vein juga sangat bagus buat IV access terutama pada pasien yang indikasi memerlukan tindakan operative. Untuk perkiraan Pasien yang mengalami luka pada leher and dada atas membutuhkan minimal 1 venous access di lower extremitas, dan jika luka di perut di butuhkan 1 atau lebih IV lines terutama yang terdekat dengan vena cava superior.
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Open thoracotomy mungkin dapat di pertimbangkan di emergency resuscitation room pada pasien yang mengalami luka tusuk di dada dan mengalami cardiac arrest ketika baru datang di ED. Walaupun demikian open cardiac massage di ED jarang berhasil pada pasien dengan cardiac arrest yang disebabkan oleh luka tembak/ gunshot wound, penetrating intra abdominal injuries, atau pada trauma tumpul yang hebat pada kepala or trunk.
  • Control of External Bleeding ; Tourniquets jarang di gunakan tetapi jika diperlukan, pressure shoud be applied over the most proximal portion of the extrimity wound and cuff pressure should be well above the systolic pressure. karena jika pressure is slightly dibawah the systolic pressure, darah artery akan masih dapat mengalir ke extemitas sehingga menyebabkan increased venous bleeding.

Ref; Handbook of Trauma by Robert F. Wilson, 1999 Philadelphia

(artikel di link dari http://emergencyku.blogspot.com)

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bagus nih artikelnya :)

sharing pendapat yahh, sekarang ditempat kerja saya (afghanistan) sebagai alternatif pemasangan infus intravena kami lebih prefer ke Intraosseus dengan alat FAST. silahkan di googling aja pake keyword “FAST, intraosseus”. banyak koq artikel dan panduannya (salah satunya website dari australia juga). klo di kemasannya sih di refer ke www.pyng.com.

saya pernah ditraining sekali dan ternyata pemasangannya mudah dan simple. hanya perlu sedikit ‘nyali’ aja,hehehe.

ada bacaan tentang PASG juga,

SPECIAL NOTES:

1. May only be performed by Basic, Basic-IV, Intermediate 99 or Paramedic/RN personnel.

2. Head injury is not a contraindication.

3. The PASG should no longer be used for lower extremity long bone splinting. These injuries should be splinted using standard splinting devices or traction splints, when appropriate.

4. The PASG should no longer be used as an air splint for an unstable pelvis. A longboard and padding should be used instead.

punya pengalaman dengan PASG ini? silahkan di share disini :)

salam,

www.diskusiperawat.co.cc

Posted in Info, Pre-Hospital, Tips | Tagged: , , | 1 Comment »

Be Careful with Epi-Pens

Posted by diskusiperawat on November 22, 2008

epipendemo-770152.jpg

Epi-pens are used by patients who have severe allergies (anaphylaxis) to food or bee-stings and can be life-saving. To use one, one only needs to take the cap off, and then forcefully stab into their thigh (it has a device to prevent it from going in too deep). It is a potent vaso-constrictor in addition to causing bronchodilation. Periodically, someone accidentally injects themselves somewhere besides the thigh. Most commonly, in the finger. EMS workers for some reason frequently do this to themselves on a more regular basis. Recently I treated a woman who was an EMT who had inadvertently injected herself in the thumb with a patient’s epi-pen while attempting to administer the drug. She came in with her thumb ashen-white and very painful. This is because the vasoconstriction of the drug causes the blood flow to be diminished to the tip of the finger. As bad as this sounds, it is rarely a serious problem (although people get very worked up about it). If often resolves with just warm soaks and tincture of time. In this case however, we soaked her thumb for about 2 hours with minimal improvement. The next thing to do is to use a injection of a very old anti-hypertensive drug called phentolamine. It is a very potent vaso-dilator (and rarely used any more for routine management of hyperstension) and when injected subcutaneously, will help reverse the effects of the epinephrine. I gave her several injections around the base of the thumb and like magic over the next few minutes, the thumb pinked up and her pain was better. Just like in the text books! Next time, be a little more careful!

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Guys, what’s your opinion about the usage, advantage and disadvantage of using the stuff? mind to share your experience about that things?

feel free to post your comment

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Posted in Education, Pre-Hospital, Tips, Your Case | Tagged: , | Leave a Comment »