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Posts Tagged ‘Accident’

Initial Management and Evaluation of Severely Injured Patients

Posted by diskusiperawat on December 3, 2008

“Prioritas utama dalam penanganan korban kritis di lapangan termasuk mempertahankan jalan nafas/airway, adequate ventilation, dan monitor perdarahan luar/ external bleeding”

Sebelum korban di bawa ke rumah sakit, trauma team di emergency departement terdekat/ tempat patient di tranfer harus di beritahu terlebih dahulu terutama mengenai seberapa kritis kondisi korban. Sehingga ED dapat mempersiapkan segala sesuatunya sebagai contoh peralatan ventilator pada intubated patient atau blood pada korban perdarahan. Atau bahkan bantuan petugas kesehatan jika korban dalam jumlah banyak.

Pasien yang gelisah, tidak kooperative dan not responding terhadap pemberian oxygen dapat di assumsikan bahwa pasien mengalami hypoxic sampai ada bukti hasil lab. Sehingga pasien membutuhkan endotracheal intubation untuk memberikan ventilasi yang adequate and menangani hypoxia.

Hal-hal yang di perlu di perhatikan pada penanganan pasien kritis :

  • Pneumatic Antishock Garment (PASGs) ; Meskipun PASGs dapat membantu dalam immobilisasi fracture pada pelvic dan extremitas bawah dan juga dapat mengurangi kehilangan darah pada bleeding, peralatan ini tidak terlalu memberikan pengaruh pada pasien hypotensive. Perlu di ingat bahwa pemakaian peralatan ini juga dapat mungkin menyebabkan compartement syndromes terutama jika menggunakan tekanan yang tinggi dalam jangka waktu yg lama.
  • Prehospital Intravenous Lines ; Pemberian dini intravenous fluids at the scene is counterproductive jika transit time to the hospital kurang dari 15 menit. Sesungguhnya, kelebihan cairan dapat menyebabkan kemungkinan perdarahan kembali pada luka yang sudah berhenti sementara.
  • Establishing Intravenous Lines ; Jika pasien mengalami syock hypovolemik hebat yang menyebabkan vena collapse, atau ada riwayat penggunaan intravenous narcotic sebelumnya, mungkin akan sangat sulit mendapatkan vein access di peripheral. Sehingga pasien spt itu memerlukan subclavian veins untuk mendapatkan IV access yg tercepat. Percutaneous catheterization of internal jugular vein juga sangat bagus buat IV access terutama pada pasien yang indikasi memerlukan tindakan operative. Untuk perkiraan Pasien yang mengalami luka pada leher and dada atas membutuhkan minimal 1 venous access di lower extremitas, dan jika luka di perut di butuhkan 1 atau lebih IV lines terutama yang terdekat dengan vena cava superior.
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Open thoracotomy mungkin dapat di pertimbangkan di emergency resuscitation room pada pasien yang mengalami luka tusuk di dada dan mengalami cardiac arrest ketika baru datang di ED. Walaupun demikian open cardiac massage di ED jarang berhasil pada pasien dengan cardiac arrest yang disebabkan oleh luka tembak/ gunshot wound, penetrating intra abdominal injuries, atau pada trauma tumpul yang hebat pada kepala or trunk.
  • Control of External Bleeding ; Tourniquets jarang di gunakan tetapi jika diperlukan, pressure shoud be applied over the most proximal portion of the extrimity wound and cuff pressure should be well above the systolic pressure. karena jika pressure is slightly dibawah the systolic pressure, darah artery akan masih dapat mengalir ke extemitas sehingga menyebabkan increased venous bleeding.

Ref; Handbook of Trauma by Robert F. Wilson, 1999 Philadelphia

(artikel di link dari http://emergencyku.blogspot.com)

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bagus nih artikelnya :)

sharing pendapat yahh, sekarang ditempat kerja saya (afghanistan) sebagai alternatif pemasangan infus intravena kami lebih prefer ke Intraosseus dengan alat FAST. silahkan di googling aja pake keyword “FAST, intraosseus”. banyak koq artikel dan panduannya (salah satunya website dari australia juga). klo di kemasannya sih di refer ke www.pyng.com.

saya pernah ditraining sekali dan ternyata pemasangannya mudah dan simple. hanya perlu sedikit ‘nyali’ aja,hehehe.

ada bacaan tentang PASG juga,

SPECIAL NOTES:

1. May only be performed by Basic, Basic-IV, Intermediate 99 or Paramedic/RN personnel.

2. Head injury is not a contraindication.

3. The PASG should no longer be used for lower extremity long bone splinting. These injuries should be splinted using standard splinting devices or traction splints, when appropriate.

4. The PASG should no longer be used as an air splint for an unstable pelvis. A longboard and padding should be used instead.

punya pengalaman dengan PASG ini? silahkan di share disini :)

salam,

www.diskusiperawat.co.cc

Posted in Info, Pre-Hospital, Tips | Tagged: , , | 1 Comment »

Harus diapain si Pemabuk ini?

Posted by diskusiperawat on November 24, 2008

Gotta Keep it Together….

suture_needle.jpg

I remember a case from residency that really tried my sense of ethics and my desire to do the right thing. A bad set of traumas came in one early morning (about 5am) after two cars collided on the highway. The one car was comprised of a family on their way to the airport for vacation. Two kids, mom, and dad. The other was comprise of a single drunk young male. The drunk guy crossed into the other car’s lane, causing the family car to lose control and fly off the road. The drunk guy ran into the guardrail. They were all brought to us – the mom had a broken femur, the dad a broken shoulder, the kids – one had a nasty head laceration, stable spinal fracture, and a concussion, the other had broken ribs and facial trauma. The drunk guy had nothing except a big scalp laceration. I got assigned to the Dad and the drunk. As I heard more about the accident, I got more and more angry at the drunk. The family luckily all survived but were badly f**’d up and I knew would have a long and painful recuperation. When I went to try to examine the drunk he became combative and I had to sedate him. The guy was huge as well. After a negative CT I had to suture him up. He remained very difficult to deal with despite tons of Haldol and Ativan and was in 4 point restraints. Finally he was just moaning and by the time I started suturing, the lidocaine had worn off. I was THIIIIIIIIS (my thumb and finger right next to each other) to just sewing him up with no anaesthesia just a punishment for what he had done (the police did not arrest him for some unknown reason). I wound up giving him more lidocaine but I was not in the least bit upset by his screams from it’s injection. He also got a borderline punitive foley. I was also very close to pointing him out to the injured family and leaving them alone with him in the restraints and a blackjack in the Dad’s hand.

What do you think I should have done?

(Article was copied from erstories)

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Judul aslinya ‘Gotta Keep It Together”, kami coba sesuaikan agar pengunjung bisa cepat menangkap maksud cerita itu dan bisa membagikan pengalaman atau tips ketika berhadapan dengan pasien seperti di kasus diatas.

Silahkan comment-nya,

www.diskusiperawat.co.cc

Posted in Hospital, Your Case | Tagged: , | Leave a Comment »

 
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